Method and apparatus for differentially waving hair



J. TGRRES 2,152,754

' METHOD mm mums FOR DIFFERENTIALLY WAVING HAIR Filed Dec. 29, 1957 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 INVENTOR' ATTORNEYS P 13. J.TORRE$ 2 METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR DIFFERENTIALLY WAVING HAIR Filed Dec. 29, 1957 3 Shee ts-Sheet 2 l E NVENTQR J Off/ V1 TOEEFS BY v ATTORNEY mswm April 4,, 19359.

, J. TQRRfES v METHOD mm APFfiRATUS FOR DIFFERENTIALLY WAVIYNG HAIR 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 .Filed Dec. 29, 193'? INVENTOR JOJZP/v TOP/Q6 ATTORNEYS Patented 4, 1939 I r v t UTED s'rA'i'Es PATENT oFricE 2.152.114 METHOD AND srrsns'rus Eon nmrEnEN- TIALLY WAVING mm.-

Joseph Torres, Brooklyn, N. Y. nopiioation December as, 1937, Serial No. males 12 Claims. (01. 132-363) This invention relates to a device and method more certain raults than have heretofore been for waving human hair and more particularly possible. relates to the permanent waving of hair which An object of my invention is to provide a has previously been waved although the invenmethod and device for waving hair in which the tion as will be understood'is applicable to the eflect of the waving can be varied on various 5 complete waving of the hair, parts of the hair and one portion waved without The modern permanent waving processes afieetihganother D 7 waved Po successfully produce a reasbnably satisfactory desired. and permanent wave on the hair except for the It is one of the objects of this nv n to 1 new growth of straight hair which comes in admore effectively wave he s h hair w h 10' Jacent the scalp after a comparatively short peg w in j c to h scalp to iv i e riod of time. This new growth of straight hair called "permanent" wave and differentially wave soon nullifies the effect of the permanent wave h hair in h Pr vi sly waved Portion of the and necessitates a re-waving operation in order hair which may still be in seed n tion 80 as to wave this newly grown portion of hair. With not to Wav it tOO much nd use kinkin 15 the previous processes, the waving of this newly Another object of this invention is to pr vi grown portion of the hair presents serious diflia device which is particularly adapted for reducculties inasmuch as the waving of this newly ing the effect of the waving solution on the ends grown hair often has a bad efiect on the preor previously waved portion 1 the hair. W i

viously waved portion, either destroying the wave Still P m tting a strong an Sa y W 'v 20 in the previously waved 'portion or frequently on the w Straight P l ns 01' ll which have imparting undesirable or uncontrollable waves or Brown kinks to the previously waved portion, making it Other advantages of my invention lie i the look uneven and unsightly. Aside from th time saved the operators, relief from discomforts attractiveness of the wave untold discomfort is caused by a plurality of heating n an th 25 experienced on each combing of the air, equal facility with which my method and devices In view of the large element of chance, hairc be applied to a t pes of i eur i s op radressers avail themselves of every opportunity to tlenecut oil the previously waved hair as they realize y Present invention pr i e Process d it is the only existent sure way to procure attraca device Which makes P i l differential wavi 30 tive waves. While the problem is most acute in o t e hair by controlling t e effect of t cu previously waved hair it is nevertheless present Solution- Th method h s r a advantages even in unwaved hair as it is known that hair over pr v usly used methods which attemp close to the' scalp is always oilier and stronger with little success, to control the heating means.

than hair farther from the head. In this method newly grown hair may be waved Previously attempts have been made to encomwithout giv ng the same degree of wave-t0 D pass portions of hair to be waved in separate ViOuSlY waved pertiene 01 the heir to t y heating means but such processes require a plubalance the W B effect I 18 e p fll le. ranty of heating units of varying lengths and according to the process disclosed in this inven 4O heating capacity The application of such a'pl tion, to impart a new Wave to the entire rality of units consumes a large amount of the hair which may may 1117 have -P operators time and causes the recipient of the viously waved and also to impart a special wave discomfort In addition to the above especially tight or loose curl to selected portions lems it hasbeen found impossible to sufliciently the example ward control the heat within the heating means so vious hair waving systemswmch cmfiot curl;

as to impart to the hair either a uniform wave 1 next to the roots without overcurling the ends. or variations found desirable by hairdressers and Further objects and advantages of I mv stylists tion will appear from the following description bobbed hair, ll of which is impossiblewith pre- It is an my invent! enable thereof taken in'connection with the attached 5o dressers to control the action' of the curling soludrawings which illustrate several forms of t tions so as to either produce uniform waves or embodiment of t invention and in h waves of any desirable gradation from the roots Figures 1, 2, 3 a d 4 Show th use of y d vic to the ends of the hair. and a representation in perspective of the steps 5 -It is an object of my invention to procure takenin the roilcurling of hair, g

' separated and clamped in the clamp and insula-= Figures '7, 8 and 9 show views similar to those of Figures 1, 2, 3 and s when curling previously curled hair,

Figures 10, 11, 12, 13 and 14 show my device and a representation in perspective of the steps taken in the spiral curling of hair.

In the roll curling of hair, as shown in Figures l to 9 of the drawings, the hair on the head is divided into a plurality of tresses or strands it which are clamped between the two parts of a clamp and insulator l6 which separates the strands it from other strands on the head and protects the scalp from the heat of the waving heaters. After the strands l'l have been tor'iB, they are first wetted with a waving or curling solution, of which many compositions are known. One suitable composition of waving solu-- tion is composed of potassium sulfite, ammonium carbonate and water.

This waving solution is applied to the tress or strand ill, and in the normal waving operation.

and the portion next to the scalp are wavedto substantially the same degree because the end portions being on the inside of the roll on the curling rod 2t are curled tighter, and if the end portions have been previously waved, kinking, or undesired curling, is impartedto the ends.

According to my invention, however, it is possible to shield the end portionsand to neutralize the effect of the curling solution and the tighter wind on the end portions to permit a strong wave to be imparted to the new hair which has grown in next to the scalp without too strongly waving or kinking the end portions.

This difierential waving is effected by first applying the curling solution and winding the straight end portion A9 or the previously waved portion 26 of a strand I? on the curling rod 28, and when the end of the previously waved portion 26 or the straight end 59 is reached enclosing this first wound portion of the strand I! in a shield or 011 M which may be composed oi tin foil or other non-porous material carrying a pad 2t which is impregnated with a material for neutralizing the curling solution applied to this portion of the hair. This neutralizing pad may he impregnated with sodium dichromate or a monium chloride, or a mixture of the two, and the pads 25 may he of difierent size or difierent strengths of impregnation so as to either completely or partially neutralize the waving efiect in the end portion of the strand. Instead of being applied on a pad, theneutralizing material may be made into a paste and applied directly to the shield or foil 2i.

After the shield 25 and neutralizing material or pad 25 have been applied to the wound end portion of the hair on the curler 281, as indicated in Figures 2 and 8, the remaining portion of the means strand i1 is then wound on the curler 29 with the shield 29 surrounding the end portion] oi the tened with the curling solution, is applied around the wound strand, as indicated in Figure 9, and the wound strand enclosed in a clamping and heating element 23, so that the entire roll of the strand l'l can be subjected to the steaming and heating action which causes the curling solution to act upon the exposed portion of the strand ll, while at the same time the neutralizing material on the foil 2| or the pad 25 enclosed in the inner shield 2| acts upon the ends 01 the hair enclosed in the inner shield, so that the ends of the hair inside the shield 2! are waved to a lesser degree than the hair outside the shield 2 l, whereby a good wave may be imparted to the strand of hair next to the head and a lesser degree of waving applied to the ends and especially the previously waved ends 26 of the strands of hair.

While the neutralizing material of diflerent amounts or strengths can be used to effect any desired degree of neutralization of the curling action on the ends of the hair, the use of the toil or shield 2! to enclose the end portion where the curling action is to be reduced or neutralized is of vital importance, as without this shielding eh fect of the foil 2|, the vapors of the curling solution would penetrate entirely through the roll oi hair on the rod 20 and curl all portions, whereas by the use of the shielding foil 21 penetration to the end portion of the hair is prevented.

of hair 2? as it grows from the head. Portions to be difierentially treated are shown uncurled 28 and curled 29. The hair in Figure 12 is shown wound upon a curling rod to suitable tor the spiral curling of the hair. The shield 2i, carrying the pad 25 on which the neutralizing material is applied, is shown positioned to be wound for the selective treatment of the ends of the strands of hair in this type of hairdressing. In Figure 13, I show the hair completely wound on the curling rod and thepad 2| in position for the application of heat. The heating means it usually used in spiral waving is shown in Figure 14 with the hair wound on the curling rod positioned therein.

In this embodiment of the invention, the portion 01 the hair outside the shield 25! is subjected to the full waving action of the waving solution while the portion inside the shield is protected from the waving action andthe wav ing action partly neutralized by the neutralizing material on the pad 25. g

It will be understood that each tress of hair is waved separately after being wound on a curling rod and encased in a heating unit. When the heating means is energized the curling solution vaporizes, and it together with the heat imparts a permanent" wave to the air. It happens, however, that in the portions containing the neutraiizer and which are shielded by the non-porous material that the heat causes the neutrallzer to be dispersed with the curling solution where it neutralizes the curling solution to any desired degree. The shield has the efiect of limiting the action of the neutralizer to any desired por- One the much used hair treating solutions is composed of potassium sulfite, ammonium carbonate and water. I have found that sodium dichromate or ammonium chloride, or a mixture of the two, can be used to neutralize the effect of the above, solution to any desired degree by varying the strengths of the ingredients. Further- -more, these materials are solid at ordinary temso peratures, making them especially desirable for hair treating purposes as the absorbent material, such as flannel or gauze 25, can be impregnated in the liquid phase with a solution of the neutralizingmaterial or materials and then allowed to dry, or these materials may be made into -a paste and applied directly to the foils 2|. The solid material is much more easily handled for purposes of distribution and on application causes the customer no inconvenience. One readily realizes that'I am not limited in the number or size of the pads 26 that I may apply, nor in the amount of the neutralizer that may be absorbed in each pad. These features enable me to achieve wide variations and adegree of certainty heretoiore unknown in'the hairdressing art.

While in theory differential waving has been possible in the past by controlling thedegree of heat, it is wellknown that control of heating means has led to very uncertain results. 'Furthermore, the plurality of units needed to difierentially heat varying lengths of hair on different persons andalso to difierentially heat portions of each tress has caused the recipient of the wave discomfort, consumed the timed the operator and multiplied the amount of equipment to be bought and manipulated, thereby materially increasing the cost of permanent waving. I, having experienced the difilculties inherent in such operations, have produced and described herein a device and a method which enables me to neutralize in whole or in part the efiect of the curling solution, thereby enabling me to differentially wave the'hair even while using the same heating means. In the drawings I have ilustrated differential waving within a'single heating unit which has heretofore been unknown. The method and the device for the differential waving of the hair by controlling the efiect ofthe hair treating solution and shielding one portion of the hair from the efi'ect of the treating solution onthe other portion" as shownin this application is unique in the hair treating art. While I have shown two of the preferred math ods of waving hair and the application of my' method and device thereto, it is to be understood that my invention is not limited by the description disclosed herein, but that modifications may be made within the scope and'spirit of the present invention, and I therefore-desire a broad interpretation of the disclosure within the scope and spirit thereof and of the claims appended hereinafter. r I

It is to be further understood that "curling solution neutralization or neutralizer" has been however small to complete neutralization, and that other'neutralizing and curling solutions than those specifically mentioned may be used.

I claim:

1. The method of diiferentially waving selected 5 portions of hair which comprises, wetting the hair with a curling solution, winding portions thereof to be protected on a curling rod, placing on said wound hair a neutralizing material capable of neutralizing the effect of the curling solu- 10 tion on the application of heat, surrounding the neutralizing material and previously wound hair with a non-porous shield, thereby shielding the seiectedportions so that the curling action and neutralizing action will not pass from one por- '15 tion to-the other, winding the remaining hair on the curling rod and heating to vaporize the curling solution:

a 2. The method of diflerentially'waving selected portions of hair which comprises, wetting the no hair with a curling solution, winding portions thereof tobe protected on a curling'rod, placing on said wound haira neutralizing material capable of neutralizing the effect of the curling solution on the application of heat, shielding the 26 first wound portion from other portions of the hair, winding the remaining hair on the curling rod and heating to vaporize the curling solution.

3. A method of selectively waving hair, which comprises wetting the hair with a curling solution, 80 coiling a part of a tress of such hair ona curling rod, applying to the hair on the curling rod a pad containing curling material neutralizer, su-

perimposing on the pad a non-porous shield,

winding the remaining portion of the tress upon 5 the curling rod, covering the remaining hair with a second shield, applying heat thereby producing the'desired wave and neutralization.

, 4. The method of differentiallywaving selected portions of hair, which comprises wetting the 40 hair with a curling solution, neutralizing the effect of the curling solution in selected portions thereof, shielding the portion to be neutralized from the eflect of the curling solution on the unneutralized portion and heating to vaporize 45 the curling solution and to impart wave to the hair.

5. The method of waving hair which comprises wetting the hair with curling solution, selecting portions to be diflerentially treated, 50 winding a portion of the hair on a curling rod, applying to said wound portions curling solutionneutralizers of varying strength, shielding said first wound portion to prevent interpenetration of neutralizers and curling solution into unse- 55 lected portions, winding the remaining portion on the curling rod and heating to produce the desired wave and neutralization.

and subjecting the coiled hair to the action of heat. 1

7. As an article of manufacture, a hair treat- 70 ing pad adapted for the differential waving of hair, which comprises a porous pad, adapted to be shaped to surround hair on a curling rod and impregnated with curling solution neutralizer. used to represent any degree oi neutralization 8. As an article of manufacture for hair wav- 7 ed to be shaped to hair on a curling rod and impregnated with curling solution neutralizer, and a non-porous shield encasin: said pad.

11. Asian article of manufacture, "a hair-treating pad which comprises an absorbent flexible material impregnated with a solid curling solu tion neutralizer.

' 12. As an article of manufacture. a'hair treat ing pad adapted for the diflerential waving or hair, comprising-a liquid and gas impervious wrapping sheet, and an absorbent-flexible pad impregnated with a solid curling solution neutralizer secured to said sheet.

JOSEPH TORRES. 

